Wikimedia Commons. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 There were accounts that described it as a slow and brutal process. Scaphism, also known as the boats, is a disputed method of Persian torture and execution. More often than not, though, the surviving men would be put through the hells they used to psychologically terrify the world. If our current societies finally consider women as individuals in their own right, this was rarely the case in the past. It was one of the ideas that made Assyria so strong. empires.. Assyria was located in the northern part of Mesopotamia, which corresponds to most parts of modern-day Iraq as well as parts of Iran . In the year 64 of the Common Era, the Great Fire of Rome devastated large parts of the imperial city. When the Assyrian king Seenacherib invaded Babylon, he wiped them off the map. That in days to come the site of that city, and its temples and gods, might not be remembered, I completely blotted it out with floods of water and made it like a meadow., One Assyrian king recorded sparing some of the people he invaded but only after they shamelessly humbled themselves before him. With the practice gradually watered down due to public opposition to its brutality, it was eventually abolished entirely in 1870. My skin peeled off. In the past, rulers also included these extra elements of punishment to turn executions into spectacles. The Ancient Assyrians Flayed Their Enemies To Frighten Them Stone carvings from the time of ancient Assyria around 800 B.C.E. Assyrians can be undoubtedly termed as the Nazis of the biblical world. The act of inflicting physical or psychological pain upon an individual, torture has served both a human as well as a judicial function since our earliest emergence into recorded history. Brewer (2012), Crucifixion in Antiquity: An Inquiry into the Background and Significance of the New Testament Terminology of Crucifixion. "The torturer asked me where I was from. Sometimes, they got creative. Kesselring, The English Historical Review (September 2001), Judas Cradle: Torture Device, Medievalist.com, Crime and Punishment in England: An Introductory History, John Briggs, Palgrave Macmillan (1996), The Tudor Law of Treason, John Bellamy, Routledge & Kegan Paul (1979), Execution: A Guide to the Ultimate Penalty, Geoffrey Abbott, Summersdale Publishers (2005), Dispensing Justice: Responses to Crime, Baron David James George Hennessy Windlesham, Clarendon Press, 1987, The Instruments of Torture, Michael Kerrigan, Lyons Press (2001), The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression from a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience, Pieter C. Spierenburg, Cambridge University Press (1984), Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany 1600-1987, Richard J. Evans, Oxford University Press (May 9, 1996), Torture and Democracy, Darius Rejali, Princeton University Press (2007), The Lives They Lived: The Prisoner, Jonathan Mahler, The New York Times (December 25, 2005), The A to Z of Punishment and Torture: From Amputations to Zero Tolerance, Irene Thompson, Book Guild Publishing (2008), The Walled-up Wife: A Casebook, Mircea Elliade and Alan Dundes, University of Wisconsin Press (1996), The Brief History Of The Brazen Bull, John DeVore, Nov 19, 2016. In this method, the victim is stripped naked and tied down to the ground. Siege weapons barely existed at this time. Attached to a spiked wall, the unfortunate woman would be attached to the mechanism and pulled along by her breasts until they were torn from her. . Scaphism was a Persian method of execution. Under the Habsburgs, the number of strikes inflicted was used as a measure of the severity of criminal conduct by the condemned. Executions have often served as a kind of revenge, a way of inflicting pain and mental torture on the convict. This is more commonly called skinning . It should be noted, nevertheless, that the Dutch did not intend the practice to be fatal and allowed for respites in the torture to recover. 0000006055 00000 n He eventually died after two days of being pressed. Whilst historians have questioned whether or not the brazen bull truly existed or was merely an early form of propaganda against an unpopular ruler, it enjoys a prolonged legacy nonetheless. And some sent tributes to Assyria before they ever looked their way, surrendering before theyd even approached to keep them away. This method of torture was executed in several ways, like; Tying the victim to a pole and peeling his facial skin first, or submerging the victim in boiling water before the flaying. It was a widespread method which was implemented and documented in various accounts. Flaying of humans is used as a method of torture or execution, depending on how much of the skin is removed. Centuries later, the Roman Emperor Hadrian reputedly used such a device to torture and kill Christians. The ancient Assyrian were among the most ruthless of all ancient warriors. They laid cities to waste, tortured the survivors, and spread terror everywhere they went. Instead, asphyxiation is the most common cause of death in live burials, with the individual, unless carefully buried, unable to breathe. Ancient Torture. He used rat torture, along with other methods, to punish his political enemies and sexually assault his prisoners. updated September 15, 2018, 9:16 pm, The 10 Most Gruesome Ancient Torture Methods, Top 10 Forgotten Princesses Adapted in Comics, 10 Disturbing Photographs Telling Tales of Disaster, The 10 Most Influential Photos of All Time, 10 Most Famous Samurai Warriors in History, Top 10 curiosities about cats in the ancient Egypt, Top 10 Crazy Hoaxes and Conspiracy Theories About Corona Virus, The 10 Most Interesting Super Mario Conspiracy Theories, Top 10 Controversial Boxing Decisions in History, Why do planes crash? Ejaz Khan }U|m?2H:3^`t5`Sh;V"DV;m -6A:'O!K2dO'qX,VAUu5GqMQ=2@nDA`N`6u90]p*1+Js. The victim would be laid down on his belly with his hands tied behind his back and his rectum would be slit up by a razor, after which a paste would be applied to stop the bleeding before a stake would be thrusted into his body. HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb Keelhauling, which dates back in 800 B.C. Entering Europe and becoming a popular punishment for collaboration during the Thirty Years War, Vlad III of Wallachias impalement of more than 20,000 individuals earned him his immortality as Dracula. 10. But it was supposedly shattered due to her divinity. Sometimes, they would stripped naked to humiliate them and leave them feeling weak and vulnerable. Assyria emerged as a territorial state in the 14th century B.C. A similar mode of execution was used as late as the early 18th century in France; one such episode is graphically recounted in the opening chapter of Michel Foucault's Discipline and Punish (1979). Although disputed for historical veracity, Plutarchs account has nonetheless proved influential. A military culture. [citation needed]. Assyrian national history, as it has been preserved for us in inscriptions and pictures, consists almost solely of military campaigns and battles. The Assyrians were known for being very barbaric when it came to torturing slaves and prisoners of war. BCE) detailing the punishment of impalement for women convicted of murdering her husband. Tortured by the Syrian Bashar al-Assad regime in prison for seven years, Muhlis al-Drubi cannot forget the horrors he experienced, including having boiling water poured over him and reverse. It was believed that Lingchi was a punishment that the accused would have to carry even in the afterlife, where he would not be whole even after death. The victim would . Used most commonly as a punishment for crimes against the state, appearing in civilizations and cultures around the world as among the harshest means of capital punishment, contrary to immediate assumptions impalement did not render a swift death. They'd cut off the tongues of their captives so their screaming wouldn't be as loud when they were skinned alive. Every young man was expected to train as a warrior and be ready to fight. . Torture methods are known to be brutal ways of enforcing punishment and squeezing out the truth from perpetrators. Wikimedia Commons. References to a similar punishment for piracy existed in the Rhodian Maritime Code dating from 700 CE, but it was not until the Early Modern Period that keelhauling entered into prominence. The king of Urartu, upon hearing the Assyrian army approach, stabbed himself in the chest rather than face them. Anyone from slaves to prisoners of war could be subject to fear inducing acts of punishment. A standing army is one made up of professional soldiers whose only job is to fight. All of Assyria was subject to their resettlement policy, which uprooted whole families and moved them across the country. Reserved, unlike many of the items appearing on this list, exclusively for women, the device was predominantly employed against those persons accused of adultery or abortion. The men of Assyrian army reported experiences that modern psychologists say show wide-spread symptoms of post-traumatic stress. She was subsequently executed by decapitation. Suspending the individual by a rope attached to the wrists, with weights added, if necessary, to increase the pain. If a man was caught with another man, the law said, they shall turn him into a eunuch. Adultery was punishable by death. & 636BC, "Hypatia and pagan philosophical culture in the later fourth century", 1575 Painting: The Flaying of Marsyas, by Titian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flaying&oldid=1142268127, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Vasak Mamikonyan, commander-in-chief of the Armenian army during the reign of, In 1314, the brothers Aunay, who were lovers of the daughters-in-law of king. This usually results in lacerations, infection, and scarring, since the ships hull is covered in barnacles. 0000025862 00000 n Corey refused to enter a plea and only asked for more weights during the torture. The victim would suffer hours of agonizing pain as the rats dig a hole through his body, after which he would inevitably die. The use of rats in this manner is believed to have originated in Europe, with two variants of the practice emerging concurrently. Eventually, under pressure from Western nations undergoing their own liberalizations of violent punishments, in 1905, as part of widespread revisions of the Chinese penal code, lingchi was formally abolished as a criminal sentence. A wooden board would be placed on the victims chest and abdomen and heavy stones or iron weights would be gradually placed on top of the board, slowly suffocating the victim. The strappado is so damaging that it cannot last for more than an hour without reprieve or risk of killing the subject. "They hung us up from our wrists to the ceilings. The convicted would be taken to a public stage and tied on the floor. This is more commonly called skinning. Wikimedia Commons. 1p18i!J 8? Adriana John The victim would be repeatedly fed and covered with the honey mixture in order to prolong the torture. depict warriors methodically removing the skin from prisoners' bodies, marking them as one of the first cultures to partake in the brutal torture. Eventually, it is claimed that the tyrant was himself murdered with the very instrument of his cruelty by Telemachus. When I did not, he hit me with a timing belt. A Tudor woodcut print of Keelhauling (c. 1485 1603). A notable figure who enjoyed this method of torture was the Prince of Wallachia, Vlad III. xbbc`b``3 A-` 4-r Overhead, the men inside the engine were protected by wooden plates covered in damp animal skins that put out the flaming arrows the defenders fired from above. One Assyrian king recorded sparing some of the people he invaded but only after they shamelessly humbled themselves before him. Assyria made sure of it. 0000005655 00000 n This is a slow and painful execution, with causes of death ranging from blood loss, hypothermia, or infections. Impalement, as a method of torture and execution, is the penetration of a human by an object such as a stake, pole, spear, or hook, often by the complete or partial perforation of the torso.It was particularly used in response to "crimes against the state" and regarded across a number of cultures as a very harsh form of capital punishment and recorded in myth and art. Since the victim would most likely lose consciousness after one or two severe wounds. Wikimedia Commons. The Catherine Wheel, or the Breaking Wheel, was a method used for public execution through the Middle Ages, with the last known execution believed to have taken place in Prussia in 1841. Appearing just twice in Norse literature, although popularized subsequently in European mythology, it remains a matter of historic debate whether the blood eagle was a literal procedure or rather a product of allegorical exaggeration not uncommon to the Sagas. In their royal edicts, the Neo-Assyrian kings seem to gloat over the terrible fate they imposed upon their captives, and that flaying seems, in particular, to be the fate meted out to rebel leaders. Frequently using oil, tar, or tallow, various cultures and civilizations spanning Europe and Asia are known to have employed boiling as a means of inflicting great pain upon condemned persons. The victim would either be rocked or dropped repeatedly onto the device, and the torture would usually be prolonged into several days. Known to have occurred as early as 2500 BCE, with archaeological evidence in the Sumerian city of Ur depicting the practice, it was also a prominent feature of early imperial China. As a method of both torture and execution, impalement consists of the aggressive penetration of victims by a pole. G*0 oAsvHkj]YK Ay$^i-:Gb&@SubuQ~ay@$": 1O4=z+088r"YWv;V?Ry6UR=r? Accused of attending anti-regime protests, al-Drubi, 42, was detained in 2012. And, Aztecs of Mexico flayed victims as part of their human sacrifice rituals, and many more. In 1323, the Mexica tribe asked for Yaocihuatl, daughter of Achicometl, ruler of Culhuacan in marriage. The period from the ninth century to the end of the seventh century B.C. Wikimedia Commons. [4] At St Michael & All Angels' Church in Copford in Essex, England, it is claimed that human skin was found attached to an old door, though evidence seems elusive. 0000000689 00000 n A millennium later, the Neo-Assyrian King Sennacherib (r. 705-681 BCE) is recorded as impaling surviving Judeans after the Siege of Lachish. The Assyrian Tragedy. endstream endobj 452 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[57 377]>>stream Behind them, slave masters were always watching, ready to beat anyone who slacked. When it comes to psychological warfare in the form of sheer brutality, impalement wasn't the only thing the ancient Assyrians turned tothey had other methods of scaring the life out of their neighbors. The method consisted of trapping the victim in the space between two small boats or two hollowed-out tree trunks and force-feeding them milk and honey over the course of a few days until the person died. endstream endobj 447 0 obj<> endobj 448 0 obj<> endobj 449 0 obj<>stream Transmitted to the funerary rites of the Mongol Khans during the 13th and 14th centuries, these great conquerors were reportedly buried along with more than a dozen slaves. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 Flaying, also known as skinning, was a torture method which originated from 883-859 BC and documented in both carvings and official royal edicts. Among the alleged cruelties bestowed upon these religious minorities was the so-called Roman Candle. They brought us to the military base in the village of Dayr al-Shimal in western Hama, where they beat us with plastic tubes," he told Anadolu Agency. In the sixth season of the television series, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 13:11. The principle of crushing bones and limbs was a popular form of torture in medieval times, mainly because the devices used were simple to design and make. Nevertheless, the ancient Roman Candles signify the first organized persecutions of Christians under the Romans. Heating the bowls with charcoal, the rats would gnaw into the very bowels of the victim. In contrast to common depiction, most crucifixions did not involve the nailing of the victims hands or feet to the cross. This was Assyriathe first nation to make its military might its central policy and the first nation to torment its enemies with psychological warfare. There are those numbered as being sentenced for arbortion in addition to other grave crimes. The latter depicted in the popular television series Vikings, is recorded in the Tale of Ragnars Sons, describing the English kings torture at the hands of Ivar the Boneless. Multiple methods exist to accomplish the violent feat, including transversal or longitudinal impalement and bears striking similarities to bamboo torture. Top 10 risk factors an airplane is in danger, 10 Most Controversial Athletes of All Time, 10 Biggest Celebrity Scandals and Controversies of Hollywood, Hot Bolivian Women: Meet The 10 Most Beautiful Girl from Bolivia, Top 10 Most Beautiful and Hottest Cambodian Women, The 10 best women volleyball players in the world. The judges of ancient Babylon were particularly enthusiastic. Wikimedia Commons. The people seem to have been a bit squeamish about enacting these lawsbut they made sure they did it. 0000008971 00000 n Suspending the individual by a rope attached to the wrists, with weights added, if necessary, to increase the pain. 434 19 The Assyrians were known for being very barbaric when it came to torturing slaves and prisoners of war. "Assad's forces detained me, my four siblings and other men in the village. One Assyrian King, named Ashurnasirpal II, has left a whole series of these tablets behind, and the descriptions are positively terrifying. The Church used torture to force others to convert to Christianity and because the Church used torture, government authorities used the same means too. Using this method of torture would require the victim to be stripped and suspended above the device. Using an intricate system of tubes and piping, the screams of the roasting prisoner were transmuted into sounds reminiscent of a raging bull. A still from S2E4 of Game of Thrones, depicting the historical rat torture. In fact, impalement, if done properly, permits the individual to survive for several days, with the longest known victim suffering for more than eight days. Today, the term Roman Candle refers to a type of Chinese firework that became popular in Western Europe during the Italian Renaissance. A Breast Ripper, on display at a torture museum in Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Wrttemberg, Germany (c. 15th century). He was known for his harsh punishments upon his enemies, especially those who had betrayed his family and took advantage of the misfortunes of Wallachia. The fragment above is part of the Stele of Vultures. In order for the method to work, it had to take place in a swamp or somewhere where the boats could lie exposed to the sun. It is unclear whether keelhauling was a common practice during the ancient world. Life under the threat of Assyrian was horrifyingfor the Assyrians as well as their victims. Since March 2011, when the people's revolution started in Syria, 14,235 people were killed by torture by Assad regime forces, according to a report by the Syria Network of Human Rights (SNHR). The judges of ancient Babylon were particularly enthusiastic about instilling fear in wrong doers, prisoners of war, or anyone that needed to be punished for any type of crime. 0000003095 00000 n From here, he was transferred to the Hama military airport, where he was beaten upon arrival, stripped naked, interrogated and tortured. The sailor would be tied to a rope that encircled the underside of the ship, whereupon, being thrown overboard, they would be dragged underneath the ship and along the keel to emerge on the other side. It was a widespread method which was implemented and documented in various accounts. to deny an afterlife); sometimes the skin is used, again for deterrence, esoteric/ritualistic purposes, etc. and there were a lot of them. 0000002742 00000 n wn The strappado, also known as corda, is a longstanding, simple, but nonetheless effective method of torture involving tying a victims hands behind their back. The medieval Europe used it as part of the public execution of traitors. It had an iron-capped ram that swung from chains, letting it crush its way through enemy walls like never before. Subscribe to our newsletter for exclusive updates and enhanced content, A member of the Syrian Democratic Forces guards IS suspects in north-east Syria. It is as gory and bloodcurdling a history as we know. And, it was described as one of the most cruel and graphic torture methods ever used. Louvre, Tello (ancient Girsu). startxref Make peace with me and come out to me! the envoy called out. In at least one case, an Assyrian king made the women lift their skirts over their heads and march blindly after their captors. The Assyrian population grew around the region known as Mesopotamia in modern-day Iraq. Lingchi, known colloquially in the West as death by a thousand cuts, was a ritualistic form of torture prevalent in Imperial China. The executioner would not make the victim bleed too much in order to prolong the torture before the final and fatal cut to the throat or heart would be made. Syrian man, 42 recounts horrors in regime imprisonment, from having boiling water poured over him to reverse hanging. Torturemuseum.net. Then each of you will eat fruit from your own vine and fig tree and drink water from your own cistern. Those who did not, he warned, will have to eat their own excrement and drink their own urine.. After enduring an agonizing rupturing of their anal canal, the victim would die unless released. 0000006301 00000 n The cutting off of feet, lips and noses, blinding, gutting and the ripping out of the heart were all standard punishments in this corner of the ancient world (Hamblin). Life behind a citys walls when the Assyrian army drew close was terrifying. The people of a conquered nation would be spread about the kingdom, living alongside of people from foreign lands instead of their own countrymen to keep them packing together and staging a revolt. Generally, an attempt is made to keep the removed portion of skin intact. Assyrian relics also depict two types of executions: piercing through the chest and through the anus. Wikimedia Commons. Sometimes, the executioner would be instructed to aim for the convicts heart or neck to cause immediate death. The Spanish Inquisition, lasting from 1478 until 1834, existed for a sufficiently long period of time to incrementally perfect the art of torture. The captives I have killed by the sword and flung on the dung heap. As the device was manipulated, it would slowly but surely shred the breast apart rendering it useless. The result was one of the strongest armies in the world. A pillar of heads I erected in front of the city.. Flaying, also known colloquially as skinning, is a method of slow and painful execution in which skin is removed from the body. Revived, castrated, disemboweled, before being finally beheaded, his body would subsequently be chopped into four pieces and displayed at prominent locales. For example, Neo-Assyrian kings used it to punish rebel leaders. Their kingdom which lasted for some 2000 years in an area (which is now Northern Iraq) had no natural barriers as such to protect their homeland. In 1303, the treasury of Westminster Abbey was robbed while holding a large sum of money belonging to King Edward I. Royal edicts dating from the time of Ashurnasirpal II glorify the deed, proclaiming I have clad the pillar in the flayed skins. [citation needed]. Then the inquisitor would heat up the other end of the cage, leaving the panicked rats with no choice but to eat their way out through the victims flesh. Some crimes were dealt with in savage ways. That meant being skinned alive, having noses and ears chopped off, and whatever torments they could imagine. . This form of execution became famous when Giles Corey, an American farmer charged with witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials. In the ancient Far East, where there were large states peopled by many different ethnicities, leaders demonstrated their might by inventing ingenious new tortures and agonizing methods of execution as a way to keep the population obedient. Method of slow and painful execution in which skin is removed from the body, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRassam_Cylinder._The_British_Museum.636BC (, Htel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie, Rassam Cylinder. %PDF-1.4 % is known as the Neo-Assyrian period, during which the empire reached its zenith. His prolonged exposure and his flesh rotting away due to his own filth and the insects devouring him would eventually lead to his horrifying demise. During the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) 100 cuts were traditional, after which the condemned was dispatched with a strike to the heart; by the time of the Ming, records indicate as many as 3,000 cuts were made over as long as three days. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or. Centuries later, Tacitus noted Germanic tribes practicing a ritual form of capital punishment, whereby those convicted of cowardice and other shameful vices were buried face down in mud. Here are our sources: Japanese Torture Techniques, BBC (August 8, 2005), The Rise of the Dutch Republic, John Lothrop Motley, Bickers & Son (1883), The Pictorial History of England, George Lillie Craik and Charles McFarlane, Nabu Press (2010), Medieval Punishments: An Illustrated History of Torture, William Andrews, Skyhorse Publishing (2013), The Big Book of Pain: Torture & Punishment Through History, Mark P. Donnelly and Daniel Diehl, History Press Limited (2011), Amazing True Stories of Execution Blunders: Ghastly Blunders on the Scaffold, Geoffrey Abbott, Summersdale Publishing (2006), A Draft of the 1531 Acte for Poysoning', K.J. These kind of artifacts are very common. Even if he gets lowered down slowly in order for his body to avoid the barnacles, he would still suffer from possible drowning or a head trauma. As a result, the mechanism was specifically designed to mutilate and destroy the most visible feminine attribute in retribution for the alleged unwomanly crimes: the breasts. marks the end of the Neo-Assyrian empire, although a last Assyrian king, Ashur-uballit II, attempted to rescue HBO. Captured soldiers were supposedly tied above infant bamboo shoots, which, over the course of several days, would grow at a rapid pace and pierce the prisoners. 0000001979 00000 n Known to have been used as a punishment prior to the Roman civilization, appearing in ancient Persia, Macedon, and Carthage, Alexander the Great famously order the crucifixions of 2,000 survivors of the siege of Tyre in 332 BCE. Death often came slowly to those subjected to the practice, typically succumbing after several days to exhaustion or heart failure, whereafter their body would be left to rot as an example. (e.g. Public Domain. Living persons, either willingly or forced as part of entombed chattel, were frequently buried alongside deceased people of status. Vikings discovering North America. While some claimed that it was a fast procedure which lasted from 15 to 20 minutes. Also, their land was a geographical passage for various armies marching towards their enemies on the way. Originally used by the Spanish Inquisition and other Holy Orders of the Middle Ages as part of interrogations, including against legendary Italian author Niccol Machiavelli in 1513, the practice endured well into the Modern Age. Nourished by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the cities of Mesopotamia Greek for "the land between two rivers"flourished from the 20th century to the end of the seventh century B.C.E. The most recent confirmed case occurred in New Jersey in 2010, when David Wax threatened a kidnap victim with rat torture. 5 The Torture Of The Survivors. 0000003018 00000 n Instituted as the legal penalty for men convicted of high treason in 1352, although existing unofficially since the reign of Henry III, the condemned man would suffer a litany of successive violations, humiliations, and pains before his eventual death. It shows the decapitated heads of the enemy Ummite soldiers being carried away by vultures. Equally, their hands and feet might be tied together to make balancing even harder or oil poured over the chair. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. xref Lewandowski, Herv. Gradually, his body was consumed after seventeen days of being eaten from both within and without. I don't think torturers can be human. The method was done by tying the victim in a wooden frame and then cutting the flesh in varied, multiple and non-deadly slices. The Ancient Greeks used to punish people by cooking them inside a huge bronze bull. The Assyrians The Appalling Lords of Torture | Lessons from History Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. The practices represented in depictions include the cutting of the throats of enemies and the decapitation of dead bodies. Any outsider who would gaze upon the monument would know not to mess with Lagash.

Mcdougald Funeral Home Obituaries, Museum Of Discovery Discount, Pet Friendly Houses For Rent In Louisiana, Kingston, Ny Obituaries Today, Articles A