Long before Norman Podhoretz became one of the intellectual leaders of American neoconservatism, he was a student of Hebrew literature and a passionate reader of the The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. The Book of Isaiah claims to be written by him, and scholars believe he at least wrote part of it. Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). It is thought, furthermore, that his ministry fell in the years when the high priest Jehoiada acted as regent for the child king Joash (2 Kings 11:17 to 12:2), which fact would explain why the king is not mentioned anywhere in the book, while at the same time the Temple service flourished. It is certain, however, that he lived and labored in the southern kingdom, and that his main prophecy dealt with Assyria in general and Nineveh in particular. For some time he held a high position in Nebuchadnezzars government (chapter 2:48), and became a trusted counselor of the great king. 1-39 40-55 56-66. Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. Old Testament Study. The transition from literal Israel to spiritual Israel, or the Christian church, is the subject of Romans 9-11. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. Several of the prophets messages are dated exactly, and the last of these dated prophetic messages was received in the 27th year of Ezekiels captivity (chapter 29:17), 571/70. It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. The fourth school of interpretation may, at times, arrive at a valid application of the predictive portions of Old Testament prophecy to the church today and to its future experience, but neglects the primary application of these messages to their historical setting, and proceeds, quite arbitrarily, to determine that certain selected passages were written more or less exclusively for the church today. In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). All nations of earth were to share in the blessings so generously bestowed upon Israel. What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? They would have no part in all that Christ stood for (see on Matthew 3:2, 3; Mark 3:14). Thereafter, God let out his vineyard [see Isaiah 5:1-7] unto other husbandmen who would render him the fruits in their seasons (see on Matthew 21:41). For a short time during his reign Assyria turned from its polytheistic religion to a kind of monotheistic Nabu worship. The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. In that day every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts (Zechariah 14:16; cf. 6566). Any nation and kingdom that would not serve Israel was to perish chapter (60:12). Thus it had been with Enoch (Genesis 5:24), Abraham (chapter 26:5), and Joseph (chapter 39:2-6). It was Gods design that the whole earth be prepared for the first advent of Christ, even as to-day the way is preparing for His second coming. Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). Seventy weeks490 years of literal timewere determined upon the Jews, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness (Daniel 9:24). Then, two months later, the latter died, doubtless unexpectedly; it was the same month when there would have been a septennial reading of the law of Deuteronomy.11 At Mt. In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. Since no conclusive evidence for any of these three views exists, all are presented here: 1. The following simple rules are suggested as a safe approach to the study of each prophetic passage of the Old Testament: 1. These promises of prosperity and a successful mission were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. Had Israel as a nation preserved her allegiance to Heaven, Jerusalem would have stood forever, the elect of God (Jeremiah 7:7; 17:25). Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. In spite of the bold and zealous efforts of such prophets as Elijah, Elisha, Amos, and Hosea, the northern kingdom rapidly deteriorated and was eventually carried into Assyrian captivity. Matthew 19:16, 17; 22:36-40). are longer and contain more pages and more chapters than the minor prophets). WebJeremiah 15:1 Then the LORD said to me: "Even if Moses and Samuel should stand before Me, My heart would not go out to this people. Hosea was from the Northern Kingdom, Micah and Jeremiah were from the Southern kingdom. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. The fickle, human will is the weak, unstable factor in conditional prophecy. The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. This article surveys the fundamental problem of the interpretation of the prophetic portions of the Old Testament in terms of their message to Israel of old and to the church today. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. Hosea 2:6-13). However, 2 Kings 14:25 states that Jonah also pronounced a prophecy concerning the expansion of Israel that was fulfilled by Jeroboam II. Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. It would become an object lesson of the results of acting in harmony with moral, as with natural, law. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. 2. WebEmphasize that when God prompted Isaiah to write about the Lord Jesus it was way before Jesus was born. In which century B.C. However, these messages pertaining to the then-distant future were intended, not only to inspire patience, comfort, and hope in the day they were first given, but also to provide men of Christs day with confirming evidence of His Messiahship. The vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings In contrast to Isaiah and others, Jeremiah provided more detail about himself in his book than any of the other prophets. Nahum is called the Elkoshite (chapter 1:1), but Elkosh is unknown as a place name, although commentators have tried to identify it with Elkesi in northern Galilee, Alkush near Mosul, and a town near Eleutheropolis in Judah. This fact is recognized by the various New Testament writers, who quoted Isaiah more than 90 times. Similarly, the ways in which God dealt with men in crises of the past are often cited as examples of the manner in which He will deal with all the world in the last day (see on Deuteronomy 18:15). Hosea. But maybe it wasnt at that spot. WebBefore we begin our review of the parts of Jeremiahs early ministry, let us first set out the usual and customary picture of it. Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. The 7th-century view.This view holds that Joels ministry seems to fit into the early years of Josiah, when Assyrian power was nearing its end and Babylon was still a weak kingdom. It is an undeniable historical fact that, to this day, the majority of these predictions have not been fulfilled. Both of these extreme methods wrest the obvious intent of the Scriptures and render a sound understanding of the messages of the prophets for the church today unattainable. WebISAIAH, DANIEL, AND ZECHARIAH We need to make a comparison between the three prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah, in two matters: in Gods economy toward His chosen people and in Christ for the people of His concern. 1:1, 6:1 - 8). The prophet Jonah was a Galilean from Gath-hepher. Gods word is sure (Isaiah 40:8; 55:11; Romans 11:29), and His plan for the salvation of man will ultimately prevail (Isaiah 46:10). When Gedaliah is assassinated, the Jews flee to Egypt and force Jeremiah to go with them. A Nebuchadnezzar 59 Q It is not known whether Malachi is the name of the author or simply the title of an otherwise anonymous author, since Malachi means my messenger. If it is the latter, his is the only anonymous work among the prophetic books of the Old Testament. His word endureth for ever (1 Peter 1:25). Jer 2 - 6 2, 3 God sends Jeremiah to Jerusalem to give a series of messages to the people of Judah. Gods call to the nations would have been, Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth (Isaiah 45:22). All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). Nabopolassar 626 B.C. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. WebIsaiah 65:12 I will destine you for the sword, and you will all kneel down to be slaughtered, because I called and you did not answer, I spoke and you did not listen; you did evil in My sight and chose that in which I did not delight." 22 quart mirro pressure canner There is no god but He. Pride obscured their vision [see Luke 19:42]. As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). When the catastrophe came, he lamented the terrible fate of his people in the Book of Eichah (Lamentations) which we read on Tisha B'Av. Isaiah was a prophet for the kingdom of Judah, ca. Dead sea scrolls. Continued obedience was necessary to the continuance of divine favor, whereas persistent disobedience must inevitably culminate in the rejection of the Jewish nation as Gods chosen instrument for carrying out the divine plan (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). They cherished the idea that they were favorites of Heaven, and were ungrateful for the opportunities so graciously afforded them. the ideal selection is option C. Learn more about the Book of Micah here: With Him there is no variableness, neither shadow of turning (James 1:17). Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. After Jerusalems fall in 586, Nebuchadnezzar allowed Jeremiah to stay with the remnant of his people who were left in the country (chapter 40:1-6). But Judah failed to learn the lesson, and a little more than a century later her apostasy, also, was complete (see Jeremiah 22:6, 8, 9; Ezekiel 16:37; 7:2-15; 12:3-28; 36:18-23). 4. WebIn Jeremiah, Yahweh is portrayed as one who reveals himself primarily through his word, whereas in Ezekiel, Yahweh is presented in visions of God (pp. In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. Since Jothams sole reign began after the death of his father Uzziah in 740/39, the initial date for Micahs prophetic ministry should probably be placed after that date. Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8.

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