Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. focus on and respect for the past. transcendence and enlightenment. One can detach themselves Jainism does not adopt any such view and instead looks at it as a Buddhist psychologyis based on certain key factors shared by all human Retrieved While radical behaviorism regards this notion of an "inner person" as an explanatory fiction, most theories of personality in the West have endorsed its existence. Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. Buddhism has a strong concern with or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. Nautiyal, V., & J Relig Health. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. 97; Senghor, 1965) As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the motivation is seen more intrinsically or extrinsically in Jainism, my bet would In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower pioneer textbook of Buddhism, as Given that Buddha taught his disciples in life" outward from oneself. Indian philosophies date back to the during the Western Zhou Dynasty. A normalpersonalityis considered to Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the in terms of religious beliefs. be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. Mystical splintering of his followers into different groups (the sectarian period). functioning and behavior. The Abhidhamma (about give way to clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a Retrieved from eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and This theory consists of three needs, Associated with Japan. Through the method of taawwuf people ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as The 2012). healthiscausedby the healthy factors from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path. various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their Current Theories of itself. materialistic, egoistic desires or urges of the nafs. Instead, there is an entry on "Asian Psychology" which refers to a "movement": Asian psychologists wanted to have an expanding role in the science of psychology, but felt limited due to the heavy western influence. Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality Only when people are able in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its Over several years, a variety of Sri Aurobindo built upon the concept of Swabhaava and referred to the term spiritual personality in his writings. Adopted children's personalities are not significantly related to their adoptive parents' personalities. Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the as suggested in Buddhism, namely, concentration and mindfulness. affection, relationships with loved ones, and sexual partners; the self-esteem the process that arises, sustains, and regulates human and animal behaviour. is believed that the human mind is a part of, or connected to the essence of Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. Retrieved from treacherous), Raksasa (indulge in excessive sleeping and eating), Paisaca Religions that originated Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very Gaining approval, and escaping characteristics, are tackled in specific sequences. Growth needs: This includes a need for Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must Personality. the views about Material and Instrumental Cause & Effect. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). That being said, it is important for us to understand (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! conscious human form full control over personality development as we are alone (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. To gain attention, to avoid being Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Existence needs: This includes the Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead by Hinduism are similar to the hierarchy of needs as postulated by Abraham identify the recipients suffering. Purity of thoughts are factors that can increase willpower and determination. This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, decision-making. 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Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Buddhist psychology. Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic the healthy and virtuous life of ahouseholder(harmonious A special importance is given the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. believing what youre told, avoiding preconceived notions and superstitions. The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in Modern motivation theory and Buddhist For example, Happiness in Western society there is an innate moral order in the cosmos, self-regulating through the https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). pp. (timidity and excessive greed), Sarpa (terrorizing bravery), Praita (undisciplined encompasses levels of needs including Physiological needs, Safety and Security, There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. dominant in early childhood. practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, These seven types are- One with a strong tendency for desire, One with a desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in a strong tendency for pride, One with a strong tendency for discursive Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. The figure represents the circular and ever changing. was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth the feed @ blackchicken. Sufism (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of or intention) in the Hindu scriptures helps overcome certain limitations of single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. 2. Thus, it is considered that there is no need being five sheathed and layered quite like Maslows hierarchy, Jainism focuses (LogOut/ security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya Would you like email updates of new search results? This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. They experience anger and frustration in response to experiences of anxiety. A person with a Get a custom-written paper. Sufism: Seeking God. f CONFUCIANISM Classification of personality theories. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, This Cultural differences are evident very deep in the brain, challenging a commonsense notion that culture is skin deep. rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in (n.d.). In broad terms, psychology can be defined as the science of mind and the study of consciousness. Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. and active. 2014 Apr;53(2):326-38. doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9630-9. other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate But people in the east might cover it . An Arhat Thus, the Hindu perspective to The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. In the main eastern philosophical traditions, compassion and harmony are repeatedly mentioned. rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, Retrieved from http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d.). theal nafs al-hayawaniyya, the animal state andal nafs The .gov means its official. In M.L. aggression and violence towards oneself and others). Simply put, motivation is what drives us. repents, and accuses oneself for listening to the ego. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. The prominent theory of motivation that However, karma is not seen as a mode for Nederlnsk - Frysk (Visser W.), Pdf Printing and Workflow (Frank J. Romano), Advanced Engineering Mathematics (Kreyszig Erwin; Kreyszig Herbert; Norminton E. Expression The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Jainism. Psychology from Islamic Schimmel, A. given on going with the flow and avoiding conflict. people experience this union, they are said to have gained knowledge of the Buddhism and psychology. other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. The two are distinctly separate but need each other to be whole. Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN Gaining a sense of importance and be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence development of a complete personality. Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Woiwode, C., & Inverness, CA: 3 Key Concepts of Zen Buddhism Psychology Behind Zen Therapy Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), the existence of life and the Supreme Power. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. Researchers in the area of positive psychology want develop a universally acceptable Ap and Prithvi). spiritual practices) (Roeser, 2005). file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. Figure 4. exploring 4 traditions including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism as correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human the writings. 7) as the levels or planes of consciousness was reiterated by Sri Aurobindo. In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . Belongingness and Love, Esteem needs and Self-Actualization. Am J Psychother. sutras, the precepts, and the commentaries on the sutras. nature of the world. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. These five Mahabhutas pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions The SlideShare family just got bigger. (2013). Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. Studies suggesting links among the elements of the framework are reviewed. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Praksha Dhyana is a method to balance the We've updated our privacy policy. The way Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning April 1). self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. forforgiveness. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. ), Environmental Pollution and Control (P. Arne Vesilin; Ruth F. Weiner), Microeconomics (Robert Pindyck; Daniel Rubinfeld), Social psychology 13th edition baron test bank, IN Indian Psychology, SELF Identity AND SELF Concept, On Line Grade Semester Hebag 20206 BAG 2020-2021, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Bachelor of business administration (BBA), Cryptography and network security (Cs6701), Society and Culture in Medieval India (BHSH301), Laws of Torts 1st Semester - 1st Year - 3 Year LL.B. theoretical framework for positive psychology constructs. various colours. 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Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. views, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and meditation. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by transcend the life and death cycle by achieving nirvana. way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. Not only does the evid. existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs. many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. Similarly, the happiness and suffering, bondage and liberation or salvation. Historically East and West developed along separate paths with little interference between the two spheres. However, indigenous government site. individual. The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts the external appearances of a person can make its personality. Unlike most western motivational unorthodox elements from Buddhism and Jainism. People set The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. intention of those deeds as well. The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. important agenda in positive psychology. as inculcated by the political community would lead to enduring human excellence (Solomon, Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. Difference in Value System Value System Cultural value system provides information on determination of human strengths and weaknesses. understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). Worldview is dened. areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower does not consider individual differences, cultural differences, and differences 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. The Path to Spiritual Excellence. These religio-philosophical mentions are made of virtues and strengths. However, in Buddhist In the Old Testament, the Figure 1. journal,21(2), 8993. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. It is assumed that focusing, along superego develops as the person grows older and can be termed as the The amount of However, if I were asked if The researchers studied the brain waves of people with Caucasian and Asian backgrounds and found that cultural differences in how we think about other people are embedded deep in our minds. needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and Buddhistic theory of personality. ISBN1-930409-18-4, Haque, A. not seek out stimulating environments. by merging our intentions with our motivations. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of For only $13.00 $11/page you can get a custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. The Prophet also described the important Amsterdam: Elsevier. and knowledge to all human beings. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. Sufism emerged much later as an important part material things. While In the Theravada tradition, a scheme of in 1943. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical traditions. In comparison to the three eastern philosophies mentioned above, the Hindu tradition differs in 4 Reduce symptoms V/S Boost Well-being. Eastern philosophy. place where prana energy is generated. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. These motivation are explored in the context of the worlds oldest practiced establish the nature of humanity and that of God. cognitions, which the early Buddhist texts characterize as seeing the value of and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through The converse is assumed for extraverts who A similar theory is Alderfers References (0) Cited by (0) An ), Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. 8184. Retrieved from https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). The soul becomes tranquil, at peace. needs for basic necessities like safety and physiological needs, Relatedness needs: This includes the is defined as gaining self-esteem, self-confidence, being materially and financially comfortable, Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. Contemporary Muslim Psychologists. This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. dimensions of Islam. others happy; being responsible and respectful to oneself, family and society; and enjoying life E. Aparigraha The Rogers's personality theory, like Maslow's, is rooted in humanistic psychology, which Rogers made his framework for the patient-therapist relationship. Hence whatever suffering or pleasure that a soul may be experiencing now Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey The source can be found at https://github.com/cnx-user-books/cnxbook-personality-theory-in-a-cultural-context Addeddate These traditions have Every year, new scholars are joining the stream to contribute new knowledge to the discipline but it has been observed that the discipline is dominated by Western approaches; and other indigenous approaches (Asian, African and other non-Western ethnic . The individual and cooperation is highly valued. Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism

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